Guns, Germs, And Steel Essay - 1174 Words

Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay The historical book Gun, Germs, and Steel written by Jared Diamond explains a variety of different themes as to why the world came to be as it is today. The differences in technology and advances differing between other countries. Why is Eurasia more advanced and innovated than other continents like, the Americas? Why didn’t every country develop to an equal pace in advancement? Diamond’s major theme is that environmental differences influenced the differences in the world’s society’s not different human intellectuals. He illustrates how agriculture, geography, and diseases influenced these changes. The earliest stage of human evolution came to be found in Africa. Human history began about 7 million years ago and came from a descendant of the gorilla line. These early humans known as Homo erectus dispersed to different continents and started colonizations. Since every human being came from the same background it supports diamon d’s theory that different human intellectuals wasn’t the cause of different advancements. As the inhabitants of Africa started to create new tools Europe and Asia began to follow this trend. As of some 400,000 years ago, Cro-Magnons in Europe developed modern skeletons, superior weapons, and other advanced cultural traits, a sign human evolution. Geography motivated human migration to land where the climate was better suited for agriculture and the raising of animals. The Sahara desert blocked the entrance to theShow MoreRelatedGuns, Germs, and Steel Essay2859 Words   |  12 PagesGuns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies, by Jared Diamond, attempts to explain why history progressed differently for people from various geographical regions. Diamond introduces his book by pointing out that history followed different courses for different people because of differences among peoples’ environments, not because of biological differences among people thems elves. Through his convincing explanation for how civilizations were created and evolved throughout the course of historyRead MoreGuns Germs and Steel Essay1186 Words   |  5 PagesAtahualpa. In a vain attempt to save Atahualpa, his subjects assembled one of the largest ransoms in history, an estimated $30 million worth of gold and silver. 7. Pizzarro completely surprised and overwhelmed Atahualpa’s empire; Pizzarro had guns germs and steel where the Incas didn’t. Pizzarro also had horses that terrified the Incas having never seen it. Pizzarro also had a written language and the Incas did not. 8. Availability of more consumable calories means more people equals strength ofRead MoreGuns, Germs And Steel Essay1856 Words   |  8 PagesGuns, Germs and Steel By Jared Diamond In the book Guns, Germs and Steel Jared Diamond who is a biophysics scientist and a psychologist, set out on a journey to find out the reason behind great achievements and conquest of the Europeans. What is the secret of success of Europeans? His hypothesis was very original and at first looked very simple, it was guns, germs and steel. The journey of Diamond took over 30 years and helped him answer the main questions of human history and what is it thatRead MoreGuns, Germs, And Steel Review Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesI first read Jared Diamonds Guns, Germs, and Steel in the Fall 2003 based on a recommendation from a friend. Many chapters of the book are truly fascinating, but I had criticisms of the book back then and hold even more now. Chief among these is the preponderance of analysis devoted to Papua New Guinea, as opposed to, say, an explanation of the greatly disparate levels of wealth and development among Eurasian nations. I will therefore attempt to confine this rev iew on the meat and potatoesRead MoreGuns, Germs, and Steel Study Guide Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesAP World History Summer Reading Assignment Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter 1: Up to the Starting Line Q: What was the Great Leap Forward? Describe the life of a Cro-Magnon person. What impact did the arrival of humans have on big animals? Provide an example. Which continent had a head start in 11,000 BCE (Before Common Era)? A: the great leap forward was when human history first began to take off and the humans at that time began to become more like us modern humans today. The humans thatRead MoreGuns, Germs, and Steel Study Questions Essay754 Words   |  4 Pages. AP WORLD HISTORY STUDY GUIDE: Guns, Germs, and Steel Buy and read the assigned chapters ofthe book. o Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (Paperback) o Author: Jared Diamond, Publisher: W. W. Norton Company (April 1999) o o . . ISBN:03933L7552 . . o Bulleted answers to these questions are due the first day of school, worth 50 points Answers MUST BE HANDWRITTEN! Study guides thatwere copied will receive a ZERO! The following strategy is suggested for completingRead MoreEssay Guns, Germs, and Steel Summer Reading4196 Words   |  17 PagesGuns, Germs and Steel by Jared Diamond Prologue 1. Summarize Yali’s question. This requires mentioning race, intelligence, and development of technology.   Yali asks why is it that you white people developed so much cargo and brought it to New Guinea, but we black people had little cargo of our own?  What Yali is asking is about the origins of inequality between countries and societies in the world.   He wants to know why people of European descent are rich and powerful while people like himRead More In Praise of Jared Diamonds Guns, Germs, and Steel Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn Praise of Jared Diamonds Guns, Germs, and Steel Jared Diamonds bestseller Guns, Germs, and Steel (GGS) is an attempt to explain why some parts of the world are currently powerful and prosperous while others are poor. Diamond is both a physiologist and a linguist who spends a good deal of his time living with hunter gathers in Papua New Guinea. As a researcher and as a human being, he is convinced that all people have the same potential. Hunter gatherers are just as intelligent, resourcefulRead MoreEssay about Guns, Germs, and Steel Chapter by Chapter Summary975 Words   |  4 Pagesand how the Spanish peoples gems led to the deaths of many south Americans 2. Yes, because many of the Incans and other natives living in south America and mexico were killed off by the Spanish peoples germs and diseases 3. Almost 95% of incans an south Americans were wiped out due to new germs, many other south Americans were killed off by the Spanish’s superior weaponry\ Chapter 4 1. Describes how food production came to be by farming and the domestication of animals 2. Yes, much of the foodRead MoreWhy People From Different Cultures Behave Differently883 Words   |  4 Pagesaccepted by their society. What may seems wrong in one society, may seems right in another society and vice versa. People tend to do what right and acceptable in their society, and they try to avoid what wrong and unacceptable in their society. This essay will illustrate why people from different cultures behave differently. Anthropologists look at human being holistically from different perspectives biologically, culturally, physically, socially, and psychologically (Hiebert, 1998). From each one of

The Problems with Alcohol and Illegal Drugs Essay

Drugs have been a big part of our history dating back all the way to the 1800’s and beyond. We have to remember that drugs were first introduced as a form of early medication and its intent was to help cure things such as depression, headache, and used as a form of an anesthetic. The biggest downside of the medical drug evolution was the side effect of mass addiction. Although there was a problem with addiction the drugs still were very effective in helping cure many problems. Even with the addiction there were very few recorded problems with crime however. It wasn’t until they tried to put controls on the use of drugs that we began to see major criminal spikes in crime due to the trafficking of drugs illegally. America saw the same†¦show more content†¦are finding ways to do them anyways and I believe that financially it would help more to tax and control the sales more than it would to spend money stopping the biggest financial gain market out there. The legalization of drugs must be relooked at as an option and see if it will be viable cost effectiveness. The reason is because the war on crime has become so expensive for many reasons like the over population of the jails, tax payers money in order to support the people in jail and the rebuilding of additional jails in order to support the increase in crime due to the drugs being illegal. In an interview quoted form New York Times from Surgeon General Jocelyn Elders. â€Å"Yes it would. I said I didn’t know all the ramifications of the legalization on drugs, but I certainly felt that it should be studied. I said that anytime we are going to spend 22 billion dollars on fighting a war on drugs, putting police in the streets, building bigger better jails, we deserved to study what we need to do† ( Dreifus C. Joycelyn Elders. New York Times, January 30, 1994, p.19). These problems have arisen because of the mandatory minimal sentence law for drugs are the cause for overcrowding in the jail system. This law is pertinent to the overcrowding because although it varies from state to state the terms can generally beShow MoreRelatedLegal vs. Illegal Drugs1288 Words   |  6 PagesLegal or Illegal Drugs? Drugs are a common part of everyday life. In fact, it is highly likely that there are drugs of some sort in your cupboard. They are classified into two categories: legal and illegal. Legal drugs include alcohol, tobacco, and pharmaceutical drugs, while illegal drugs include marijuana, amphetamines and heroin. The media often portrays a biased, negative view on illegal drugs, however legal drugs often have the same effects as illegal drugs, if not worse. Illegal drugs canRead MoreDepressants Their Effects1002 Words   |  5 Pagesmore and more dependant on drugs, in particular, depressants. By definition, a depressant is a chemical agent that diminishes the function or activity of a specific part of the body. There are many different types of depressants ranging from sleeping medications to laughing gas, and of course the most common, alcohol. Like all medications, there are the legal and illegal types. Heroin, marijuana, and GHB which is commonly used as a date rape drug, are among the illegal depressants. Ambien andRead MoreWhy Alcohol Should Be Illegal1319 Words   |  6 PagesMay 2015 Why Alcohol Should be Illegal The legalization of alcohol has been an immense controversy in America since the early twentieth century. Alcohol use can come with dangerous consequences because of the way it can alter the human brain and damage health. I believe that the longevity and quality of life for Americans would greatly improve if the production and sale of alcohol was made illegal. Alcohol consumption causes problems in relationships, car accidents, uses of other drugs, and seriousRead MoreLegalization Of Drugs911 Words   |  4 Pageslegalization of illicit drugs has been a popular topic of debate. While there is often concern about the potential toxicity and the habits that may form, drugs are not necessarily the problem. In fact, the legalization of illicit drugs may be the answer to some of society’s problems. More drugs should be legalized because the drug is not the cause of the problem, our behavior is. Also, when compared to other substances that are legal we see the same social ills arise . If drugs were legalized crime wouldRead MoreEssay on Alcohol vs Marijuana1537 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol vs Marijuana There is no culture in the history of mankind that did not ever use some kind (kinds) of drugs. Despite the well-known consequences of drug addiction, millions of people constantly consume different legal and illegal drugs. Affecting peoples mind and changing their behavior, drugs become one of the most threatening factors of social risk, resulting in increasing rates of mortality, aggressive and criminal behavior, and dissolution of social ties. This paper is devoted toRead MoreMarijuana vs. Alcohol in the United States Essay843 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana vs. Alcohol In The United States Marijuana and alcohol are the two most threatening drugs used in America today. Marijuana is the most illicit drug while alcohol is the most abused. Both were illegal during the prohibition but when the constitution was ratified in 1933 alcohol was made legal while marijuana remained illegal. It does not mean that because alcohol is still legal it’s less dangerous than marijuana. Both drugs lead to serious risks and should be taken with caution if usedRead MoreIllegal Drug Activity across the Globe1314 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Drugs have become a rising problem for nations across the globe. In Canada, drug use among individuals aged 15 years or older was 11%, demonstrating that an issue does indeed exist (Health Canada). Many of societys worst problems with drugs result from the fact that they are illegal. Like alcohol and tobacco, drugs should be legal in this country. Although this has been a much debated dilemma, I would agree with this statement because of the practical ity that it would entail. Drugs are the sourceRead MoreAlcohol and Drug Abuse Essay1671 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol and Drug Abuse Alcohol is a liquor or brew containing alcohol as the active agent. (Online Dictionary) Although it is legal in the United States it is still illegal to those who aren’t twenty one years of age and other. This includes those persons of age purchasing alcohol for those under age. To some college students, heavy drinking that leads to vomiting is not alcohol abuse but simply having a good time. Alcoholism or alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsiveRead MoreDrug Legalization will Solve Many Problems Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Legalization will Solve Many Problems The United States is by far the richest and most powerful country in the world. We citizens take for granted luxuries that people of other countries can only dream. Yet in our society there are serious social issues that for reasons unknown are not being addressed. One of the most important issues that typical politicians are afraid to address is that of what to do with the nation’s illegal drug problems. Although we hear terms like The War on DrugsRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Abuse Among Adolescents1423 Words   |  6 PagesDrug abuse among adolescents is a growing problem in the United States with a staggering amount of teens falling victim to the vicious cycle of drug abuse. Teens are subjected to pressure from their peers and have the misconception that using drugs are cool and free of consequences. Therefore, teens begin to experiment with drugs and alcohol at an early age and often times don’t think about the negative stigma associated with drug abuse. Unf ortunately, even casual use of drugs and alcohol can

Composers of German Music free essay sample

The transition from the Classical area to the Romantic area The characteristics of music during the Classical area were its simplicity of both melody and harmony, as well as a spirit of perfection; Moreover people expected something easy to listen. However things began to change gradually before 1800. Music was getting more and more expressive. Several musical examples include Mozart slow movement from his Clarinet Concerto written in 1791, which is very romantic In style, full of expression and emotion.Moreover, the first appearance of a form of atonality can be heard In Heydays oratorio The Creation written between 1796 ND 1798, notably representing chaos. Music and other arts, which were clearly separated formerly, became to get close to each other by their common point of willing to describe nature and human feelings, that means full of expression. All those facts will actually end the Classical period, and will lead to the Romantic period. During this period, composers will write either programmatic music. R absolute music, so it is important to know that the programmatic music is music intended to evoke extra-musical ideas, such as stories, or nature, contrary to the absolute music which is exclusively composed for the beauty of the music itself, and without reference concerning the outside world. My essay Is dealing with several of the Important composers of the romantic area. In the first part the futuristic composers, and in the second part conservative ones. Not all composers are talked about, and several are talked about more briefly than others, according to the impact they had on music.Following each composers footstep, we will discover whether they were conservative or futuristic in their music writing and why. Have they been influenced by other composers? If so, how can It be felt In their works? Moreover, have they Influenced some composers after them? Eventually, have they contributed In any evolution concerning programmatic music, absolute music, or opera, and if so, how? L. The futuristic composers Among the composers from the Romantic period, several ones were futuristic: they contributed to the change of music thanks to the new Ideas they brought. We will talk about several of the most important ones. The first composer of the Romantic period was Ludwig van Beethoven, who was born in Bonn in 1770 and died in Vienna in 1827. He first wrote music in the Classical style of Mozart and Haydn, but from around 1800 he gradually opened up his music with his own new Ideas. There was more tension and drama In his music than In the claimed that Music must represent humans feelings. One of Beethovens first Norms, Sonata for Piano No. 8 written in 1798 was very dramatic in mind, thus continuing the expressive movement of late Mozart and Haydn.Beethoven wrote his Symphony No. 6, also called Pastoral Symphony composed between 1805 and 1808, describing scenes from the countryside. It is the first ever official programmatic work o be written and is the work that starts the programmatic movement. But almost all of his music was absolute, even if some of his symphonies have themes related to them. Beethoven developed the symphony, extending instrumentation as well as length; he was the first composer to use trombones in a symphony and his Symphony No. Also called Rejoice written in 1803 and 1804 lasted more than an hour. His opera Fidelity composed in 1804 and 1805 dealt with human suffering. From around 1815 he Nas a pioneer with his Symphony No. 9 composed between 1822 and 1834 in including voices to a symphony for the first time. Indeed he is the first composer to replace the Minuet by a Scherzo, quicker, and could re-use themes in different movements of the same symphony, those called Leitmotif. Even if he was a pioneer, he was also influenced by earlier masters such as Bach in his Piano Sonata No. 1 and his Grosser Fugue for String Quartet for the fugal techniques, and he also loved Hneedles music. Beethoven made the link between the Classical period to the Romantic period, and was respected by every composers after him for his magnificent music. Beethoven was an inspiration for almost all of them, whatever heir point of view. After Beethoven a succession of composers will follow his footsteps, like Hector earlier, who was born in 1803 near Greenbelt and died in 1869 in Paris. He was a programmatic composer and was inspired by Beethoven, notably by his Symphony No. . Indeed Burlier Symphonies Fantastical contains a chorus added to the orchestra. Franz List was born in 1811 in Dobran and died in 1886 in Bayreuth. He first rote transcriptions of operas and symphonies by earlier masters like Beethoven and Schubert. He gradually brought a notion of virtuosity in the piano playing. Almost all is music is programmatic, but he did write in 1852 and 1853 his Piano Sonata and several Études descaution transcendent for piano which are not programmatic in mind. While writing his famous symphonic poem Less Preludes composed in 1850 he declared What else is our life than a series of preludes to an unknown song, whose first and solemn notes are intoned by death? . This work, based on the words of losses Outran, as actually a thematic metamorphosis, very new in music. He Inspired by Chopin for his piano works. Richard Wagner was born two years after List, in 1813 in Leipzig and he died in 1883 in Venice. He was inspired by earlier composers, as his opera Irenic written between 1838 and 1840 is written in the style of Merrymaker.He was also impressed by Beethovens style and was influenced by him in the use of Leitmotif (recurrent themes) in his works and often found first in the Prelude of everyone of his operas. Symphony No. 9. Wagner met Weber in 1822 but its not said he was one of his inspirations. Like Schumann he was a complete artist, and created the Counterarguments, meaning total artwork, and which is movement for the unification of all the arts. He wrote his own libretti for his operas as well. In 1876 is premiered Wagers teratology Deer Ring des Unbelieving lasting about 15 hours total.Nobody had ever composed such a long lasting piece of music. Characteristic of Angers music is heavy instrumentation and orchestration, thus contrasting again Ninth the main rule of the Classical period, that is music easy to listen. He was also harmonically shifting, and many people think hes the main starting point for the atonality. More precisely, the first chord of the Prelude from Tristan undo Soled Inch consists in an augmented 4th, and augmented 6th, and an augmented 2nd oboe the root F, is considered to be the breakdown point for tonality.Moreover, he rote his operas in the continuity, not with determinate formal structures. Wagner contributed to the development of instrumentation adding the Wagner tuba, a sort of fusion of French horn with a tuba, to the brass section of the orchestra. With the conception of the Bayreuth Effectiveness, a concert hall designed for the performance of his operas, Wagner revolutionized the opera as a show, moving the orchestra under the stage, reducing the lightning of the audience, removing intervals, and redesigning the acoustics of the hall.With all those modifications, the audience really felt like living the opera themselves, like being part of it. Following Richard W agner, Anton Brenner was born in 1824 in Mansfield and died in 1896 in Vienna. He was an absolute fan of Wagner, whom he called The Master. He was admiring him and was influenced by him although he wasnt copying him in his music; to the contrary, there are a lot of personal fingerprints in his music. For instance he used counterpoint quite extensively which he mastered, as well as Lmodern in his scherzos, which are Austrian folkloric dances.He improved the use of the brass section, notably the French horn for his warm and almost human-like sound. Brenner also had the particularity of writing his sonatas with three subjects instead of the usual two. Like Wagner he was really adventurous in the use of keys, modulating widely, and used Wagner tubas in his last three symphonies. He dedicated his Symphony No. 3 composed in 1873 to the Master including several motifs by Wagner, and eventually wrote the Adagio of his Symphony No. 7 written in 1881 and 1882 as an elegy for the death of Wagner. However the music he wrote was exclusively absolute.Finally, Gustavo Mailer was born in 1860 in Kilts and died in 1911 in Vienna. His first three symphonies were programmatic, but the fourth, written between 1899 and 1900 is absolute because contrary to the others, it didnt have any programmer notes attached to it. This Mailers own decision. Mailer was a genius of orchestration and had the gift of making any instrument heard separately from the orchestra. Like recurrence he preferred using Lender his the Trios of his symphonies, and could make great use of the counterpoint as well, as in the 1st movement his Symphony No. Ritter between 1899 and 1900 in which he used counterpoint quite extensively. Sometimes being at the limit of atonality. II. The conservative composers Even if the Romantic period saw an overall evolution epitomized by the futuristic composers we have Just talked about, several ones were inevitably nostalgic of the former music, kept writing their music in the former styles. Here are the main conservative or traditionalist composers. The first of the conservative composers is Franz Schubert, who was born in 1797 in Vienna and died 1828 in Vienna. His symphonic music was structured with traditional arms.He was influenced by Haydn and Mozart for his piano music, and most of his music is absolute. He was therefore very traditionalist, but was the uncontested master of Lieder, which appeared during the romantic period. They are an intimate music, as scored for piano and singer, who have equal importance. They became extremely popular during the romantic period. Indeed Schubert wrote about 600 of them during his life. Born after Schubert, Felix Mendelssohn was born in 1809 in Hamburg and died in Leipzig in 1842. He was a musically adventurous young man, as he composed hisString Octet at 16-years-old with a Scherzo in 2/4 instead of the usual 3/4. At 17 he composed an enchanting overture A Midsummer Nights Dream. While he could be futuristic sometimes, he was nevertheless influenced by earlier composers such as Bach and Hneed. For instance, there are similarities between Mendelssohn Songs Introit Words and Bachs Preludes and Fugues. While other Romantic composers emancipated from formal musical structures in their works, Mendelssohn kept being structurally well-ordered in his music as in the Classical period, which make him a conservative composer.Mendelssohn is quite difficult to classify though, as his music Nas a mix of both the old school and the new school of writing; he included for Instances very romantic themes in his classical forms. While on a trip to Great-Britain n 1829 he visited Finials Cave on the Isle of Staff which inspired him to write his famous Hebrides Overture completed in 1830. This led to the definition of the concert overtures which are usually very descriptive of nature and landscapes. Mendelssohn used in his concert overtures as well as in his symphonies the sonata form, characteristic of the Classical period.His Symphony No. 2 composed in 1840 Nas inspired by Beethovens Symphony No. 9 for the instrumentation, as vocal soloists as well as a chorus are added to the orchestra. Mendelssohn music was absolute, in spite of the titles given to some of his works, such as the Italian Symphony finished in 1833, or the Scottish Symphony finished in 1842. FRRdrich Chopin was born in 1810 in Warsaw, and died in 1849 in Paris. He was traditionalist; he indeed considered himself as very classical, and thought his music Nas written in the Classical style, but he was musically more adventurous than he Hough he was.He was influenced by Bach while composing his 24 Preludes for piano 1837 and 1833. He is the inventor the new form of music called Ballade. He didnt rite any programmatic music; all the music he composed, mainly piano music is absolute. Even his Nocturnes for piano which have a special dark mood, are written In traditional way. Born the same year as Chopin, 1810, Robert Schumann was born in Chukka, and died in 1856 in Endemic. Like many of the romantic composers he was a complete artist as he was a poet and philosopher as well. In 1834 he founded the music gained Nine Starchiest for Music (meaning New Journal of Music) in which he published articles full of praise about composers like Chopin and Burlier. He wrote programmatic music like his Symphony No. 3 composed in 1850 also called Rhenium Symphony whose describe a ceremony in Cologne Cathedral, as well as his Spring Symphony, and numerous piano works. But the rest of his works is absolute, like his Piano Concerto written in 1845, his Concerts;KC for four horns in 1849 or his Cello Concerto in 1850. Schumann was mainly inspired by Schubert when writing more intimate works, like Lieder.He was also influenced by Bach when he composed baroque-like pieces such as 6 Fugues for organ, 6 Canons for Pedal-Fl;gel, 6 Sketches for Pedal-Fl;gel. Schumann once said about Bach Every day, I prostrate myself before that great musical savant, I confess myself to that incommensurable and incomparable genius, intercourse with whom purifies and fortifies me. Schumann Nas inspired by Chopin for his piano works, and inspired himself Grief for his Piano Concerto which has many similarities with Schumann. Even being a conservative composer he was harmonically quite adventurous, creating unique effects in his USIA.Finally, Johannes Brahms was born in 1833 in Hamburg and died in 1897 in Vienna. He was very nostalgic of the earlier music, and wrote his own music in the continuity of the Classical style; For instance he wrote numerous sonatas for piano as Nell as for other instruments, and almost all his music is absolute. He was inspired by great masters from the past, and wrote piano pieces in the style of Bach, Hneed or Paginating. For instance he wrote Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Hneed in 1861, and used motifs from Bachs Piccalilli for his Symphony No. 4 in 1884 and 1885. He also wrote waltzes in the style of Johann Strauss II whom he loved. He was one of the pioneer of the use of new rhythms, such as gs against gs. When he was pun, Brahms played some of his works to the Robert Schumann who claimed rams to be a genius, even comparing him to Beethoven. Brahms once said referring to Beethoven muff have no idea what it is to hear the tromp of genius over {Our shoulder. Conclusion: Retrospective of the Romantic area We have seen that composers were either futuristic or conservative in their music rutting, and even that some were a bit of both. Whatever they were, they all and opera.Indeed, compared to the Classical period, music of the Romantic period is more spaced out, with dynamics played up, and more contrasted. Composers, who Nerve often complete artists, were looking for the total freedom in their writing. They began to explore more musical possibilities, using an extended orchestra, as well as denaturing in harmony, and using instrumental effects like strings tremolos and pizzicato. Music stopped being harmonically and melodically mechanical as it used to be in the Classical area. It became more human-like, expressing emotions and feelings, as well as describing nature and landscapes.The use of complex chords helped describing those feelings like tension. Almost every composer, as futuristic as they were, were influenced by earlier masters like Bach, whose music became to reappear and performed again. Composers began to us counterpoint which was left as too complex during the classical period. But at the same time was born a very intimate form of music, the Lied, scored for one voice and piano. At the end of the romantic period, the patronage had already disappeared, confirming the total freedom of composers, whatever they were futuristic or traditionalist.

The Vision And Mission Of Airasia Business Essay Example For Students

The Vision And Mission Of Airasia Business Essay A vision is practically involves believing strategically about the future way of a company. In other words, the vision statement is like a route map taking the path to a company intends to take in developing and beef uping its concern. Therefore, make a vision statement is truly important for AirAsia. And the analysis of the current vision statement of AirAsia is including in the Appendix ( Exhibit 1.0 ) . After an rating of AirAsia original vision statement, the new vision statement will be revising into: To spearhead flight industry and to be the most accepted low-priced air hose company that delivers the best winging experience in Asia . As we can see, the new vision statement that formed is still within its range, AirAsia remain stressing that it wanted to be the largest low-priced air hose company in the Asia. When the company grows larger, it will direct more people to acknowledge AirAsia easy, in other words it brings strong trade name individuality to the clients. Besides that, in the new vision statement AirAsia interpreted as going the leader in flight industry in Asia, and evidently the original vision statement of AirAsia does non including this. Furthermore, in the new vision statement provinces that AirAsia wants to present the best winging experience to the clients, in fact this is another new way that AirAsia can look into as clients today are concern about the service s more than the characteristics that the company can supply. We will write a custom essay on The Vision And Mission Of Airasia Business specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As reference earlier, developing a vision statement is a cardinal to direct a company and to assist procure the company s hereafter. Conversely, a hapless vision statement may misdirect a company to the incorrect way. What AirAsia are carry throughing whenever developing a vision is really expressive AirAsia outlooks for its concern. Although the new vision will non advise precisely how AirAsia are traveling to make the full finish, it does set up the class for its concern planning. For illustration, being a leader in the industry is peculiarly new ends for AirAsia to accomplish. AirAsia should see come out with a alone merchandising proposition that rivals would non double from like holding a strong and big clients base, utilizing the latest and progress engineering that the rivals does non hold, holding the safest security AIDSs and so on. In this point of position, AirAsia faced tougher strategic determinations on taking engineering option and so forth. Following, we can see that the new vision statement stated that AirAsia wanted to be the most accepted low-priced air hose company in Asia. Bing the most accepted low-priced air hose company needed a batch of exposure to the populace such as advertisement, patronizing and so on. In this instance, AirAsia will necessitate doing careful strategic determination and actions on the promotion and the sponsorship. For illustration, if AirAsia does non invariably updating its promotion activities and does non coverage all the mark market, so will cut down the clients base and barely go most recognize Airline Company in Asia. Mission Statement Mission statement is used for specifying current concern activities, foregrounding boundaries of current concern. While the analysis of the current mission statement of AirAsia is includes in the Appendix ( Exhibit 2.0 ) . After an rating of AirAsia original vision statement, the new mission statement is written as: To convey full Prime Minister services to the clients yet offering the lowest flight cost . Hence, it fulfilled the now everyone can wing tagline right. Next is To hold a productive and motivated work force and construct close relationship between employees and the top direction. Last, is Updating and encompassing the engineering all the clip to run into the ends of AirAsia that is reduced the cost to the lowest. .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 , .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .postImageUrl , .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 , .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:hover , .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:visited , .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:active { border:0!important; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:active , .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4 .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u31836c4a32fdaa4edabb37440d10e5b4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Social Issues in Judith Wrights work EssayThe new mission statement that created to AirAsia is brief and memorable, in other words it is easy to understand by most of the mark audience. Besides, it is province clearly the intent of the peculiar mission that needed to carry through in the short period of clip. For illustration, in the new mission statement stated To convey full Prime Minister services to the clients yet offering the lowest flight cost has affected the AirAsia to increase the client value and supply full Prime Minister services like the others rivals do. Increasing client value is non easy as it requires strategic actions and planning by the direction. The new mission statement has come out to hold a productive and motivated work force in AirAsia. This merely means that AirAsia needed to maintain providing preparations and empower among the employees to do certain the work flow is transporting expeditiously and productiveness. While constructing good relationships between employees and top direction can be done by forming squad edifice and using good working policy to the AirAsia work force. This mission statement helps steering AirAsia for determining its whole organisation construction good and level. In short, the new vision and mission statement that created truthfully can assist AirAsia to travel further in the right path and assist direction to reexamine it as a guideline in doing determinations in the hereafter. The analysis of new vision and mission statement do include in the Appendix ( Exhibit 3.0 and Exhibit 4.0 ) AirAsia s Resources Strengths and Competitive Capabilities AirAsia s major resources are including fiscal, human, technological, physical, organisational resources and so forth. Those resources can be strength and competitory capablenesss that makes the cardinal success factors in the industry. Fiscal public presentation is the key to find the strength or failing of a company. Harmonizing to the fiscal drumhead analysis in the instance, it shows that in the terminal of 2005, AirAsia has really gaining of US $ 29.2 million and it is increased annually. Besides that, AirAsia s bank and hard currency balances are reported up to US $ 86.6 million. This so shows a good public presentation and strength of AirAsia because with the big sum of the bank and hard currency balances, AirAsia wholly can bring forth internal financess to make any enlargement in the hereafter. With this strength every bit good, AirAsia can run into its cardinal success factors easy in the industry. In fact to has a low-debt-ratio, AirAsia increased its fiscal strengths excessively. Following, are the human resources. Human resources refer to employees that working for the company. AirAsia s are still capable to maintain its employees motivated because AirAsia is highly supportive and antiphonal in promoting and listening to its employee all the clip. This made the employees more productive and originative in executing their duty. Alternatively of offering high and attractive wage to its rivals, AirAsia urge its ain policy which are more motivated. For illustration, AirAsia offered a wide scope of inducements that includes productiveness and performance-based fillips, portions and stocks option. In add-on, AirAsia implement a sector wage policy instead than hourly wage graduated table for its pilots. This policy adopted to promote pilot to heighten flight efficiencies by maintaining flight and operating times to a lower limit and to cover every bit much flight sectors as possible day-to-day. All those difficult work that AirAsia take non merely helped in additio n productiveness purchase besides to further beef up employees relationships twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. Furthermore, extremely skilled employees are besides the beginning of capablenesss that AirAsia has that is barely to adumbrate by others rivals. Hence, human resources are one of AirAsia strength to fit the cardinal success factors. .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b , .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .postImageUrl , .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b , .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:hover , .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:visited , .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:active { border:0!important; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:active , .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u26e66bd77510232d2b28ca0b4549fb7b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Civil Rights Movement EssayFrom the invention resources and merchandise development facets, at this minute, AirAsia has managed to plan its aircraft cabins and this brings to be decrease to AirAsia. This advanced work helps in increasing AirAsia grosss as the invention allows for quicker turnarounds between flights. AirAsia besides have their ain branded recognition card and offers corporate travel services. The ability to introduce and come up with alone inventions to take down costs and increase grosss shows that AirAsia possesses significant quality invention resources that are valuable. Low cost air hose tend to accomplish the lowest possible monetary value of the merchandises and services same goes to AirAsia. AirAsia capablenesss to cut down cost either fixed or distribution cost is the competitory arm used in the industry. AirAsia successfully bargained low rental rates for its aircraft, low airdrome fees and low rates for its long term care contract, allows AirAsia to comparatively offer low-priced flights to the clients. This slightly linked to the physical resources direction that is one of the strength of AirAsia. Last but non least, the AirAsia strengths and competitory capablenesss that matches the industry cardinal success factors which is the progress and updating, is the proficient resources. AirAsia was the first air hose company in Asia who apply online-ticketing ( e-ticketing ) services to its clients. This execution indirectly helped AirAsia to salvage up tonss of cost, for illustration the printing cost. To farther profit the clients with engineerings help, AirAsia make available for its clients to buy the tickets at certain hypermarket by puting up a booth at that place every bit good as the station office. In short, AirAsia strength is besides the capableness to leverage on engineerings and in front of its rivals to increase gross revenues and lower cost in the hereafter.

Migrant Mother and the Electronic Super highway

Migrant Mother and the Electronic Super highway Free Online Research Papers New Jersey born Dorothea Lange, originally Dorothea Margaretta Nutzhorn, was an incredible photographer. Lange was able to catch the human dignity of a person in any dire situation, whether it was economical, social, emotional, or some combination of the three. Nam June Paik, a Korean born artist, has been considered the pioneer of video art. Paik uses the medium to express the complexities of contemporary culture. This paper will be comparing and contrasting how the Dorothea Lange’s, Migrant Mother, Nipomo Valley, and works by Nam June Paik. How they were created, the statement each is trying to make with their work or works and how society perceived/perceives it. Lange’s photo known as Migrant Mother is a portrait of a woman and her children in a California migrant labor camp within the Nipomo Valley. It was the last of a series of six photographs that Lange shot in March of 1936. â€Å"Lange was concluding a months trip photographing migratory farm labor around the state for what was then the Resettlement Administration. Migrant Mother is a Silver Gelatin photographic print, which is widely reproduced for numerous different reasons and in different forms. Seeing as the Migrant mother photograph is a classic picture that is widely associated with Dorothea Lange, and the depression, it is widely sought after to have a copy of. The photograph, which is easily reproducible, has been made into postcards, posters, magazines, newspapers, films, pamphlets and other collectible items that they can sell. Nam June Paik was the creator of a national touring exhibition called The Electronic Super Highway. For this exhibition, Paik has created his own town called Cybertown. Cybertown was a new community founded on moving images. Paik’s town, its people, places, and things in it, were all video sculptures. So opposed to the image of the Migrant Mother by Lange, Paik’s small town is less easily reproduced, pretty much not reproduced, unless it’s to be made into a copy of a photograph of the actual sculpture its self. Dorothea Lange, a resettlement administration, RA, a hired photographer was sent to take pictures of the Great Depression, to show America what was really going on. At the end of the assignment Dorothea was to photograph the pea pickers in California, which she passed up just thinking she had enough photos and that no one would know. Good thing she didn’t, she got the Photograph that became the iconic symbol for the great depression, and it was the picture of Farm Security. With the Migrant Mother photo, as well as many others, Lange was trying to make a statement as most artists do with their work. She was showing us the real world, in the depression era. What was really out there, what was going on, what it felt like and looked like. Pointing out to us the living conditions of the migrants and others who were trying to get work, where there wasn’t much to be found, also of the people taking the jobs that some people who turn their noses up. Taking what they could get and giving too much labor, for the little amount of what they got back. Lange’s photographs forced the public sympathy for a necessary relief program and persuaded a reluctant congressional committee to vote in funds for that program. Lange’s intention of social science was to show the waste, cheapness, and cruelty of life in the south, in the central states and in the West. Nam June Paik’s video sculptures were also messages about the society, but of the nineties. The message’s, although meaningful and important, don’t seem as harsh and â€Å"down and dirty† Lange’s, showing the real life of some American’s. Paik created Cybertown as his own version of the small town America in the new electronic age of the nineties. A lot of Paik’s first video sculptures were made to represent his family, both blood and artistic families. In Paik’s Cybertown, he had created what was to be a push cart, like you would see people selling popcorn out of, and turned it into a video cart, which was to represent the rise of consumerism in not only America but Asia too. Paik pointed out that as it was uncommon in the previous years, six out of ten people in Asia owned a TV and washer dryer combo. Paik also pointed a finger at and made fun of how lazy people were becoming. Creating a sculpture in 1994 called the Couch Potato. When the Couch Potato was created, he was wondering how the world was supposed to move and evolve or do anything with the world its fingertips, saying that human evolution was not a necessity anymore. Paik also created a Sculpture that had to deal with how the creation of the internet had changed the mail service forever. Also, Paik was making a statement that unlike regular â€Å"snail mail,† email was better not only for the economy, as we don’t use thousands of trees to mak e all the paper needed, but also you get email in an instant. When viewing a work of art years after it was made, always changes how someone interprets the work. It may be close to the same interpretation as what the artist originally intended, but never the same. Lange’s Migrant Mother went beyond its life in the Farm Security Administration and created a life of its own, as a powerful and beautiful photograph. Viewers today, see a photograph like Migrant Mother and know it’s a historical photograph, and associate it with the Great Depression. But they don’t get the same feeling knowing that that scenario had been fixed and isn’t happening at the very moment. They see it as a powerful work of art, hanging in galleries. Not as the documentary photograph it is. Visually, compositionally, and physically the picture is a gorgeous photograph, and that is how most interpret the photo today. Paik on the other hand, still in a way applies to today, seeing as how the electronic superhighway known as the world wide web, today is a very big part of not only the American culture but of most cultures across the globe. Statues such as the Couch Potato and Vidiot Surfer, very much still apply today with the argument of lazy Americans and the cause of obesity. Paik’s sculptures seem dated in some ways with the old TV’s used and the images used to display on the TV’s but they still get the same message across and are interpreted closer to the artists original statement, more so now because of the fact that they were made closer to the present day and really is still debated and talked about. Over all, for the fact that Dorothea Lange and Nam June Paik were worlds apart in their type of art work they were trying to create, and even in the years that they created them, there are several similarities with the two. They were both revolutionaries, in the art world, Lange more of an icon. They both very successfully took art to the next level, and put meaning behind it, showing us something that they believed in, and getting a message out there to the public. Lange showing her public, of their surroundings, living conditions of those less fortunate close to them, and what they should be happy for. Paik making a statement about the consumer America and how rapidly it’s changing, and how we need to take care of ourselves and be aware that things around us are moving fast, that some things are becoming obsolete. Art is and always be around in some form or another whether it be to look at for pleasure or something to help tell a story. Artists will continue to try and communicate through their art work to the viewer, some sort of something. No matter how many times a work is reproduced and whether its in its original form when you view it or not, will never change the over all message that you get from the work. It may alter it somewhat but never change you perception of the work entirely. Art, photographs, sculptures, paintings, whatever it is will always be a classic form of enjoyment for most cultured people. End notes: Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 3. Partridge, Elizabeth. Dorothea Lange: A Visual Life. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994, 14. Illuminations: Contemporary Film Video Art, ackland.org/art/exhibitions/illuminations/image6.htm. Illuminations: Contemporary Film Video Art, ackland.org/art/exhibitions/illuminations/image6.htm. Story Of A Photographic Session: Migrant Mother, http://chnm.gmu.edu/fsa/b/. Lange’s Migrant Mother in the FSA Collection: An Overview, http://faculty.uml.edu/sgallagher/Depression.htm. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 133. Kleiner, Fred and Chirstin Mamiya, Gardner’s Art Through The Ages, (12th Ed.) California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005 797. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 132-133. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978, 133. Coles, Robert. Dorothea Lange. New York: Aperture Inc., 1982, 25. Coles, Robert. Dorothea Lange. New York: Aperture Inc., 1982, 26. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties, eai.org/eai/tape.jsp?itemID=2409. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. Bibliography Coles, Robert. Dorothea Lange. New York: Aperture Inc., 1982. Illuminations: Contemporary Film Video Art, ackland.org/art/exhibitions/illuminations/image6.htm. Kleiner, Fred and Chirstin Mamiya. Gardner’s Art Through The Ages. (12th Ed.) California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2005. Lange’s Migrant Mother in the FSA Collection: An Overview, http://faculty.uml.edu/sgallagher/Depression.htm. Meltzer, Milton. Dorothea Lange: A Photographer’s Life. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1978. Partridge, Elizabeth. Dorothea Lange: A Visual Life. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. Story Of A Photographic Session: Migrant Mother, http://chnm.gmu.edu/fsa/b/. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties, eai.org/eai/tape.jsp?itemID=2409. The Electronic Super Highway: Nam June Paik in the Nineties. Video: 1995, November 29, 2005. Research Papers on Migrant Mother and the Electronic Super highwayMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth HorsemanWhere Wild and West MeetAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 219 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

Differentiating Between Cedars and Junipers

Differentiating Between Cedars and Junipers Cedars and junipers are both evergreen coniferous  trees  belonging to the plant order  Pinales. They have many traits in common and are easily confused, in part because some trees commonly referred to as cedars are actually junipers. To sort out the confusion, it helps to take a closer look at the defining qualities of each tree. Cedar is the common name for a variety of trees, including both true cedars (those belonging to the genus  Cedrus) and false or New World cedars, which include a number of different trees from  separate but similar genera. Junipers are trees belonging to the genus  Juniperus. Some of these trees, despite being junipers, are commonly referred to as cedars, such as  Juniperus bermudiana, which is commonly known as the Bermuda cedar. True Cedars vs. False Cedars An important distinction needs to be made between true and false cedars. True cedars are members of the genus  Cedrus  and include species such as the Lebanon cedar, Atlas cedar, and Cyprus cedar. They are found in the Himalayas and the Mediterranean region and are often grown in parks and gardens. All true cedars are members of the pine family (Pinaceae). False cedars, sometimes known as New World cedars, are found in North America. They are members of the genera  Calocedrus,  Thuja, and  Chamaecyparis, all of which are part of the Cypress family (Cupressaceae). Some believe that these trees came to be called cedars because of their  aromatic wood, which resembles that of true cedars. Characteristics of Cedars Cedars are evergreen coniferous trees found throughout the world. They are usually tall and often feature fan-like foliage, small cones, or tiny pink flowers. The major cedars of North America- including the  Atlantic white cedar,  northern white cedar, giant sequoia, and western red cedar- all have flat, scale-like leaves and stringy bark.  They grow in the Northeast, Pacific Northwest, and along the Atlantic coast. The  Japanese red-cedar, originally cultivated in China, is used to produce strong, weather- and insect-resistant timber for building furniture and houses. Other cedars, including the Mexican white cedar and Australian red cedar, are also used to produce durable timber. The  Lebanon cedar- one of the true cedars- is mentioned numerous times in the Bible. It was supposedly used in the construction of Solomons Temple in Jerusalem. Characteristics of Junipers Junipers, like cedars, are also evergreen coniferous plants. Junipers, however, are  most commonly shrubs, though they can be trees as well. The plants often feature  berrylike, bluish, glaucous, bloomy cones on the tips of their shoots. Some junipers also have spiny needle-like leaves. Juniper trees, when they are fully grown, often resemble narrow columns. One of the best examples of this is  Juniperus virginiana, or the eastern red-cedar, one of the several cedars that are actually junipers. It is the most common juniper in eastern North America. The most common juniper in western North America is the Rocky Mountain juniper. All junipers produce small seed cones that resemble berries. The seed cones of the common juniper are sold as juniper berries. Juniper berries are a key ingredient in the production of gin.

How does the image of women displayed in the Cosmopolitan affect the Essay

How does the image of women displayed in the Cosmopolitan affect the self-image of women in the UK - Essay Example ............................................. 5. Conclusion............................................................................................................. REFERENCES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Female Imagery in the UK Cosmopolitan Magazine................................... Figure 2: High Priced Celebrity Fashion Merchandise Imagery................................. ABSTRACT The UK Cosmopolitan provides many different images of what society considers the idealised female form: the slender, voluptuous and high fashion-conscious celebrity often depicted in many beauty-inspired media sources. Through continuous exposure to these images, women are often embattled with a struggle to gain self-image improvements whereby the idealised female form dictated by media sources provides confidence problems to women who have not attained this socially-mandated goal. Research indicates that UK society often believes overweight women or those who are not as outwardly attractive cannot fi nd success or achievement, thereby creating the foundation for anxiety production when women view these images and believe they are inferior to the models illustrated. Empirical research, psychological and sociological theories, and even marketing theories lend support to the notion that women in the UK are dramatically impacted, in relation to their own perceptions of self-image, due to the UK Cosmopolitan. ... This paper focuses on theory and research investigations in an attempt to justify that self-image is negatively impacted through such media depiction of females. The findings of this project indicate that socially-driven ideals, reference group sentiment, tangible anxiety production in the female brain, and advertising influence supporting visualisation in media of the idealised female body contribute most strongly to self-image problems in UK women. How does the image of women displayed in the Cosmopolitan affect the self-image of women in the UK? 1. Introduction The UK Cosmopolitan consists of a variety of media catering to those who maintain a worldview of hedonism, a form of self-indulgence and high-living whereby contemporary ideologies associated with a sense of social superiority, attainment of personal pleasure, and exhibition of outward elegance and modishness are primary social virtues1. There are many other respected definitions of Cosmopolitanism, such as maintaining a be lief that one belongs to the entire world rather than being limited to a singular, national region, as well as maintaining a contemporary type of sophistication and stylishness which makes one high class and socially exceptional. In the United Kingdom, the media magazine Cosmopolitan is a prime example of the aforementioned definitions of Cosmopolitanism which explores such issues as sex, health, fashion, celebrity and beauty enhancement. This media source, among many others sharing a focus on the female target segments, exemplify the notion of Cosmopolitanism by appealing to a contemporary woman consumer who values social conceptions of beauty, vanity and sophistication. The media is a significant source of influence on female Western values in today’s society, illustrating

Enzymes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enzymes - Research Paper Example They are encoded by the genetic material which is a map telling the catalysts how to form and function. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of the reaction, which means that the reaction can proceed much quicker. The enzyme-substrate complex is an important component in understanding how enzymes work. Enzymes bind to substrates in order to change the substrate and form a product. The enzyme and substrate are complementary to one another; therefore they usually can only bind with one enzyme. This is why the enzyme-substrate complex has been named as the â€Å"lock and key model†. In some cases, there is more than one substrate, which can bind to a particular enzyme. Competition of the substrate with the enzymes and chemical equilibrium is what keeps some biological systems in check, with producing some products more than others. In medical application, sometimes these enzyme levels need to be regulated. According to chemical principles, if you increase one amount of products in an equilibrium situation, the body will move so to remove this stress. In the case of medicines, they can be used to regulate these biochemical equilibriums, which can be thrown of as the result of diet, external factors, mutations, etc. Enzymes are a type of protein, meaning that they are created in the intercellular processes like every other kind of protein. DNA contains the original blueprint. Through the use of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA, the protein is synthesized. Transcription is where the RNA copies the enzymatic genetic code and translation is where the tRNA and rRNA create the enzymatic protein from the translation of the mRNA. Enzymes come in many different configurations and can exist a numerous amount of conditions performing infinitely numerous diverse tasks in the body. For example, there are enzymes, which regulate protein synthesis such as helicase, DNA polymerase, etc. There are enzymes that regulate digestion, neurological functioning, etc. However, sometim es there are problems in enzymes, which cause them to not function appropriately either as a result of the way they were encoded or environmental factors. Errors in the encoding of DNA, deoxyribonucleic acids, can lead to mutations in key enzymes and defects in the enzymes. As a result, certain medical conditions and genetic mutations can lead to maladaptive processes in life. For example, Fibromyalgia is a medical condition in which a person experiences pain in the areas of joints, muscles and other tendons. This is due to a deficiency in an enzyme known as amylase, which is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates. As a result of a lack of this enzyme, this leads to another host of physiological problems. Body aches and stiffness result in multiple muscle groups and places on the body, with the pain ranging from moderate to severe. The pain is not the result of tissue degradation, but rather has to deal with grinding and inflexibility, which leads to the pain. Other known sympt oms of Fibromyalgia are irritable bowl syndrome, depression, and lack of exercise, which can lead to problems with obesity and heart disease, as well as a ride range of other physiological conditions. Luckily, there are many techniques, which are used to treat this condition. The use of physical therapy as a way of strengthening the joints, muscles, and tendons is one of the most commonly used techniques for

A Critique of Chinua Achebe’s An Image of Africa Essay Example for Free

A Critique of Chinua Achebe’s An Image of Africa Essay Certainly Conrad appears to go to considerable pains to set up layers of insulation between himself and the moral universe of his history. He has, for example, a narrator behind a narrator. The primary narrator is Marlow but his account is given to us through the filter of a second, shadowy person. But if Conrads intention is to draw a cordon sanitaire between himself and the moral and psychological malaise of his narrator his care seems to me totally wasted because he neglects to hint however subtly or tentatively at an alternative frame of reference by which we may judge the actions and opinions of his characters. Although Achebe recognizes Conrads use of multiple narrators, he dismisses any intention on Conrads part of utilizing the narrators to introduce psychological depth in Heart of Darkness. I believe, however, that Conrads full objective was to establish a moral and existential tone in his novella; he accomplished this by incorporating a second narrator. Conrad introduces the narrator and his surrounding characters as they navigate the Thames River. As the narrator describes Marlow and the other Seamen the reader begins to question where Marlow stands in this social hierarchy. Conrad thus establishes a tone of uncertainty in the credibility and morality of both Marlow and the narrator. The entire novella is a retelling of Marlow’s tales in Africa, years after they had occurred, which leaves the extent of Marlow’s exaggeration and embellishment of his story up for question. 2. Disagree Joseph Conrad was a thoroughgoing racist. That this simple truth is glossed over in criticisms of his work is due to the fact that white racism against Africa is such a normal way of thinking that its manifestations go completely unremarked Achebe is not reading Conrad’s work on a symbolic level rather he superficially judges parts of the novella as racist. The novella Heart of Darkness is not a racial slur, nor is it an insulting depiction of the people of Africa in any way. It is an examination of the false pretenses the Europeans held over their assumed benevolent work in Africa. The purpose of Marlow’s story was to show the adverse effects of imperialism on white European tradesmen. Conrad is thus in no way a racist, as he set out to depict the malice of Europeans during this time period. He uses his experiences in the Congo during King Leopold of Belgium’s tyranny to show the malevolence greed instills in mankind. 3. Disagree Africa as a metaphysical battlefield devoid of all recognizable humanity, into which the wandering European enters at his peril. . . . . Can nobody see the preposterous and perverse arrogance in thus reducing Africa to the role of props for the break-up of one petty European mind? But that is not even the point. The real question is the dehumanization of Africa and Africans which this age-long attitude has fostered and continues to foster in the world. And the question is whether a novel which celebrates this dehumanization, which depersonalizes a portion of the human race, can be called a great work of art. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a great work of art; is it a symbolic delineation of Western covetousness and the effects materialism has on mankind. Africa is not meant to be â€Å"devoid of all recognizable humanity.† Africa is a setting which could be moved anywhere white Europeans use phony moral objectives to carry out their greed. The novella is not specific to Africa but, is a representation of the degradation of man when he works on fake moral grounds. It is for that very reason that Conrad begins his novella with Marlow’s recount of man’s historical occupations -including Roman and British sieges- and the darkness that follows all acts of greed. 4. Disagree Unfortunately his heart of darkness plagues us still. Which is why an offensive and deplorable book can be described by a serious scholar as among the half dozen greatest short novels in the English language. Although Achebe’s defensive view is reasonable as he is of African descent and feels affronted by the opinion he believes Conrad holds, he misses the overall meaning of the novella. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is not a plague, nor should it be regretted. This novella gave insight into the shameful acts committed by Europeans in search of fame and fortune. Heart of Darkness is not a slander on the African people; it is the exposure of European cruelty and man’s madness derived from greed and feeling empowered over another. 5. Disagree â€Å"I am talking about a book which parades in the most vulgar fashion prejudices and insults from which a section of mankind has suffered untold agonies and atrocities in the past and continues to do so in many ways and many places today. I am talking about a story in which the very humanity of black people is called in question.† Humanity is questioned in Heart of Darkness but, Achebe fails to realize Conrad’s intention. Achebe focuses primarily on the depiction of the Africans in this novella and disregards the contempt Conrad holds for the imperialists. Conrad’s objective was to unmask the â€Å"prejudices and insults from which a section of mankind has suffered untold agonies and atrocities† but, not in the â€Å"vulgar fashion† Achebe describes. The humanity of Europeans is instead called in question. Conrad had witnessed firsthand how the Europeans pillaged and devastated African communities and used his experiences to illustrate the obscen ity of imperialism. 6. Disagree As a sensible man I will not accept just any travelers tales solely on the grounds that I have not made the journey myself. I will not trust the evidence even off mans very eyes when I suspect them to be as jaundiced as Conrads. And we also happen to know that Conrad was, in the words of his biographer, Bernard C. Meyer, notoriously inaccurate in the rendering of his own history. In fiction it is often the author’s idiosyncratic perspective that makes a story intriguing. Factual recounting does not arrive in a fictional book. Whether Conrad’s portrayal of imperialism in Africa was entirely accurate or an embellished version of his own existential struggles, Heart of Darkness was a landmark piece for his time period. The atrocities committed during European imperialism were not a subject of conversation but, Conrad helped to bring the issues to the surface. Conrad did not aim to offend the people of Africa; he intended to expose the Europeans of their veiled immorality.

Themes of Prejudice and Tolerance in To Kill a Mockingbird Essay

The book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel. It is set in the 1930s, a time when racism was very prominent. Harper Lee emphasizes the themes of prejudice and tolerance in her novel through the use of her characters and their interactions within the Maycomb community. The narrator of the story, Scout, comes across many people and situations with prejudice and tolerance, as her father defends a black man. Racial prejudice is widespread in the county of Maycomb, and a prime example is the Tom Robinson case. Tom, a black man, was accused of raping Mayella, a white woman. Atticus puts forward all evidence from his witnesses that clearly proves Tom was innocent, Jem even says, ?and we?re gonna win Scout. I don?t see how we can?t? (pg 206), but Tom still received a ?Guilty? verdict. Atticus tried removing the prejudiced thoughts of the jurors by saying, the assumption - the evil assumption - that all Negroes lie, that all Negroes are basically immoral beings. (pg 208). Atticus? saying insinuated the point that all of God?s children were created equal. To the jury, the only important thing was that Tom was black and the accuser was white, he never stood a chance under those conditions. These racial tensions between blacks and whites had made their way into the courtroom, a place where everyone should receive a fair trial no matter what race or colour, but an unjust verdict was reached. The prejudice that was felt towards Tom made him lose all hope of freedom, and as a result, he died upon an escape attempt. Tom was victim of racial prejudice and loss of hope. The novel not only explores racial prejudice, but also prejudice against gender and social status. Maudie is a victim of prejudice agains... ... situation from their perspective, and in this case, Atticus reveals Mrs Dubose being a morphine addict. She wanted to die without having to rely on the drug and her escapades were what it easier. Jem and Scout understood the situation and learnt the importance of tolerance. The themes of prejudice and tolerance are conveyed strongly through the characters and their dilemmas. Jem and Scout learn of the prejudice of the town Maycomb to Atticus defending a black man, Tom Robinson. However, Miss Maudie, Calpurnia and several others show that not everyone in Maycomb are so judgemental. Jem and Scout also learn how to deal with situations sensibly from their father, they learn how to be tolerant. Thus, the novel?s characters demonstrate both prejudice and tolerance. Works Cited Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York City, NY: J.B.Lippincott Company, 2008.

Nursing in the Future

Financial issues, healthcare policy changes, scarce resources, political issues and advancing technology on health care affect all areas of nursing, no matter how diverse the field is. In the practice of long term care and assisted living facilities, these issues are of major concern for many people. Trends that are seen in my current practice can help give hints to what is to come in the future. It seems like many health care facilities are always short on money, and so the number of patients per nurse increases so that the facility can make more money by having less nursing staff.When the work load increases on the nurses, there is a higher turn around for the nursing staff, and the facilities run into problems of being short staffed and overworked. In The Resilient Nurse, they explain that â€Å"rising patient acuity, rapid assessments and discharges, and increased service use by clients mean that nurses are dealing with sicker people who are likely to have multiple conditions th at may complicate both the treatment and the recovery† (3-4).A facility that is short staffed comes to the situation where there is more likely to be mistakes when the nurses are being asked to work more hours then they should to compensate. This happens in long term care consistently, it is as if more and more is asked of the staff in order to save a buck somewhere else. It is very hard on the residents as well due to the fact that they are at the end of their lives, can no longer work and usually have no money let. Long term care is very expensive and most of the time it completely wipes out the resident of all of their savings.I think scarce resources and advancing technology can sometimes go hand in hand. Supplies run short and it puts patients at risk if the proper supplies are not being used. Residents run out of things they need, or the facility has to be stingy with how many gloves they use when the really issue is patient safety. It is helpful in long term care when t he facilities develop committees that can the employees advocate for the residents. With the advancing technology through the years, more training on how to use new equipment is needed to ensure that the nurses are providing safe care.In a lot of discipline the nurses that are in practice are getting near retirement, and changes for them are hard to implement because they can be stuck in their ways. Many times it is hard on the nurses when there are policy changes because they are used to doing things a certain way and changing policies has a way of keeping nurses on their toes. Changing policies makes it important for nurses to be up to date on new evidence based practices so that they are able to keep up with the advancing times while maintaining a safe environment for patients.I like how Decision-Making in Nursing: Thoughtful Approaches for Practice sums up the idea that â€Å"without understanding nursing history, decisions are at risk of failing and repeating past errors† (26). Policy changes can be made for many reasons, but many times it is because it was found through evidence based practice that there was a safer and/or better way to go about the policy or that the policy no longer is relevant to the changing times. Times are changing and it has a major affect on long term care residents and nursing in general.Traditionally nursing has been a female dominated profession, but there have been many more men joining the ranks. The time and age were many residents grew up in people were very modest, and the largest population in long term care facilities are women, so it can be hard for them to adjust to a male nurse talking care of them or seeing them in such a vulnerable state. I see the impact of financial issues, healthcare policy changes, scarce resources, political issues and advancing technology on health care all of the time.

Declining Milk Sales Essay

According to a current study in Age and Aging, starting and continuing to drink milk at a young age can lead to improved physical ability and balance at an older age (â€Å"New study finds,† 2012). Because of milk’s inherent attributes of calcium, protein and vitamins A and B, milk has also been linked to bone strength, muscle strength and better eyesight, to name a few. So why have the US milk sales been slowly declining since the 1970s? A recent article on Forbes. com poses the same question. People are well aware of milk’s existence. The ‘Got Milk? ’ Advertising campaign was debuted in 1993 and won several awards for its ingenuity. It works wonders for getting people to think about milk, but that is only half the battle. The other half, and arguably more important, is getting them to drink it. Jonathan Baskin, the author of the Forbes. com article, believes this is what the dairy industry is failing to do by not compelling consumers to drink milk. â€Å"Memorable branding,† he states, â€Å"is not necessarily the same thing as compelling marketing†(Baskin, 2012). To illustrate this, Baskin offers a few ideas, including packaging innovation, partnering with companies and local sourcing. While I believe all three of his ideas are valid, local sourcing seems like it could be very beneficial, at least for the moment. Within the past few years, buying crops locally is becoming more relevant to many people. The thought of promoting local business growth and living a healthy lifestyle drives people to buy locally. So if a local distributor could deliver these local crops and bundle it with fresh local milk, consumers would be willing to pay for the convenience, healthy lifestyle and support of local businesses; at least that is the idea. Milk mustaches seem to be imprinted in our minds. We know milk is there, but we are not drinking it. In order to change this, the dairy industry needs to focus on giving consumers reasons to drink milk. Local sourcing and distribution of milk could be one solution to this. Proper research would need to be done to determine viability, and a new marketing strategy, possibly implementing the ‘Got Milk? ’ branding with a new local twist would need to be created; however, perhaps then we will finally be drinking more milk. Who knows, maybe cartwheels at 80 will be the new normal. References Baskin, J. (2012). Everyone ‘gets’ milk, so tell us why we should drink it. Forbes. com, Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/sites/jonathansalembaskin/2012/12/17/everyone-gets-milk-so-tell-us-why-we-should-drink-it/ New study finds milk-drinking kids reap physical benefits later in life. (2012, November 15). Retrieved from http://www. prnewswire. com/news-releases/new-study-finds-milk-drinking-kids-reap-physical-benefits-later-in-life-179464301. html.

Bentonite grinding machine Essay

Bentonite grinding machine Essay Bentonite grinding machine Essay Bentonite grinding machine Abstract: Bentonite is widely used in agriculture, light industry and cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other fields. Before making use of it, we need bentonite grinding machine to process it. We supply bentonite grinding machine and complete grinding plant for you. Keywords: Bentonite, Bentonite grinding machine, Bentonite processing plant BENTONITE PROPERTY Bentonite is a clay rock, also known as montmorillonite clay rocks, often with a small amount of illite, kaolinite, halloysite, chlorite, zeolite, quartz, feldspar, calcite, etc.; hardness from 1 to 2, the density of 2 ~ 3g/cm3. Bentonite with good physical and chemical properties, do binder, suspending agent, thixotropic agent, stabilizer, purification bleaching agent, filling material, feed, catalyst, etc., are widely used in agriculture, light industry and cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and other fields, so bentonite is a versatile natural mineral materials. After selection of extraction of ore production apply to ceramic production bentonite, has many advantages. GRINDING MACHINE MANUFACTURER As an independent R & D, production and marketing enterprises, SBM has several decades of experience in the production grinding machine, so far, a total Raymond grinding machine series, overpressure trapezium grinding machine, a large Vertical Grinding Machine, tricyclic medium speed grinding machine, trapezium grinding machine European version, the European version of crushing grinding machine and other types of industrial grinding machineing machines to meet different production, different fineness requirements. BENTONITE PROCESSING PLANT SBM can provide customers with high-efficiency, high standards of bentonite production solutions, strict control of product flow, in order to perfect the production process to meet the different needs of different customers, bentonite production line equipment package includes vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, impact crusher, vibrating screen, belt conveyor and so on. Higher demand for some users, the company also provides support for bentonite grinding machine. BENTONITE

Italian Prepositions Tra and Fra

Italian Prepositions Tra and Fra The book is BETWEEN the couch and the wall. There’s a big difference BETWEEN say something and doing something. BETWEEN all of the girls, Giulia is the nicest. In English, the best definition for the prepositions â€Å"tra† and â€Å"fra† is â€Å"between,† but it can also be understood as â€Å"among.† Luckily, these two prepositions are simple to use in comparison to their counterparts, like â€Å"di,† â€Å"da,† or â€Å"in.† Here are some usages along with examples. How to Use â€Å"Tra† and â€Å"Fra† Between two objects Il libro à ¨ tra il divano e il muro. - The book is between the couch and the wall.un ponte tra una riva e laltra del fiume -a bridge between one bank and the other of the rivertra due monti si stende una vallata - between two mountains lies a valleyuna casa tra gli alberi - a house amidst the trees FUN FACT: The popular proverb â€Å"Actions speak louder than words,† can be loosely translated as, â€Å"Tra il dire e il fare c’à ¨ di mezzo il mare,† which literally means, â€Å"Between saying and doing there’s an ocean.† Movement to a place or particular location Torna tra noi. - Come back between us.Un raggio di luce passava tra le imposte socchiuse. - a beam of light passed through the half-closed shutters. Distance Tra due chilometri cà ¨ un benzinaio. - Within two kilometers, there’s a gas station. Time Arriver tra due ore. - She’ll arrive in two hours.Sono libero tra le otto e le nove. - I’m free between eight and nine oclock.Tra una cosa e un’altra abbiamo fatto tardi! - This and that and we’re late! Connection or relationship una discussione tra amici - a discussion between friendsSi consultarono tra loro. - They conferred amongst themselves. Companionship or alliance Ama stare fra gli altri. - He loves to be among others. To highlight one part or person Sei il migliore tra i miei amici. - You’re the best among my friends.Alcuni tra i presenti protestarono. - Some of those present protested.Fra tutte le ragazze, Giulia à ¨ la pià ¹ simpatica. - Between all of the girls, Giulia is the nicest. Tips In some sentences, the phrase tra tutti means throughout, overall: tra tutti saranno un centinaio - overall there will be a hundred.In certain expressions, the preposition tra (fra) has a causal value. For example, Fra la casa e i bambini non ho mai il tempo di uscire - Between the house and the children, I never have time to get out. The Difference Between â€Å"Tra† and â€Å"Fra† There’s no difference in meaning between the two forms. Which one you choose to use is governed by sound; It’s much preferred to say fra travi and tra frati to avoid groups of identical sounds (other examples include tra fratelli and fra tre anni). Even so, tra is the more common form. Tip: If â€Å"tra† precedes personal pronouns, its often followed by the preposition: tra di noi.

Product Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Product Marketing - Essay Example Brand awareness consists of brand recognition and brand recall. The former relates to consumers' ability to confirm prior exposure to the brand when given the brand as a cue. The latter relates to consumers' ability to retrieve the brand when given the product category, the needs fulfilled by the category, or some other type of probe as a cue. The management of Beijing brand awareness will play an important role in potential sponsorship decision making for three major reasons. First, it is important that potential sponsorships think of Beijing brand when they think about Olympics games. Second, Beijing brand awareness can affect decisions about brands in the consideration set, even if there are essentially no other brand associations. Finally and the most important, Beijing brand awareness affects sponsorships and consumers decision making by influencing the formation and strength of brand associations in the brand image. A necessary condition for the creation of a brand image is that a brand node has been established in memory. On the other hand, related to brand image, it is defined as perceptions about a brand as reflected by the brand associations held in consumer memory. Likewise, brand associations are the other informational nodes linked to the brand node in memory and contain the meaning of the brand for sponsorships and consumers. Based on the proposal of Keller (199... Based on the proposal of Keller (1993), marketing team of Beijing Olympics games has to consider three major categories of increasing scope: attributes, benefits, and attitudes. The attribute category is related with the features that characterize the Olympics games. Likewise, attributes are categorized in product-related and non product-related. The former is defined as the ingredients necessary for performing the product or service sought by consumers. The latter is defined as external aspects of the product or service that relate to its purchase or consumption. The four main types of non-product related attributes are: price information, packaging or product appearance information, user imagery (e.g. what type of person uses the product or service), and usage imagery (e.g. where and in what types of situations the product or service is used). In the case of management Beijing brand focused on sponsorships, marketing team has to put emphasis on user imagery. Associations of the typical sponsorship of Beijing Olympics are based not only on demographics aspect but also on psychographics. User image attributes can also produce brand personality attributes. Plummer (1985) assets that one component of brand image is the personality or character of the brand itself. Consequently, potential sponsors will expect to form part of a brand which is composed by sponsors of their same "personality" (e.g. brand image of the sponsors). The benefit category is the personal value consumers (in our case sponsorships) attach to the product or service attributes, that is, what consumers think the product or service can do for them. Benefits can be distinguished into three categories

Managing Conflicts in Organizations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Conflicts in Organizations - Term Paper Example It would not be unfair to say that conflict is inevitable amongst human beings. The constant struggle to get hold of status, resources, power etc amongst humans often results in a form of social interaction called conflict. Thus, conflict can formally be defined as: â€Å"A process which begins when an individual or group perceives differences and opposition between itself and another individual or group about interests and resources, beliefs, values, or practices that matter to them.† (Digirolamo) In the same way that conflicts are inevitable in everyday life, they are also inevitable in organizations. Especially in modern organizations wherein factors such as constant change, employee diversity, team based structures etc make conflict an ever-present. Conflict, however, is not necessarily a bad thing and can help get the best out of individuals within the organizations. Organizations must therefore make sure that they do not discourage conflict but rather manage it smartly s o that it can work to its advantage. Thus, conflict can be looked at in different ways in organizations: Conflict as war – When parties treat conflict as a must-win war. Conflict as opportunity – When parties use the conflict as an opportunity to be more creative, to grow and to improve on what they already are. Conflict as journey – When parties use the conflict as a search for common ground. The first view of conflict is a win-lose situation. Such a situation is not good for the organization in any way because such conflict is destructive. The other two views on the other hand are constructive in nature and are desirable for organizations because they create win-win situations and help the organization get the best out of its employees. (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008). Organizations should therefore make sure that its employees treat conflict in the right manner and it is for this purpose that they employ conflict management practices. Conflict management practices involve many different strategies which can be used by organizations to manage conflicts effectively. Some of these strategies are discussed below. The first technique that managers can use is fostering functional conflict. Functional conflict can be defined as the kind of conflict which is beneficial to the organization’s interest. (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008) Managers looking to infuse their decision making teams with creativity and passion very often look towards stimulating functional conflict. There are two ways of doing this. The first method is to fan the naturally arising conflicts between different parties. This method, however, is very unreliable and may end up stimulating dysfunctional conflict. The other method is to employ programmed conflict. Programmed conflict can be defined as â€Å"conflict that raises different opinions regardless of what the managers personally feel about the issue.† This method requires disciplined role playing by everyone involved (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008). The two best methods of programmed conflict are devil’s advocacy and dialectic decision method. Devil’s Advocacy is the technique in which someone is assigned the role of a critic and is told to air all possible objections to an idea. (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2008). Dialectic Decision Method simply requires fostering a debate of opposing points of views prior to making a decision in order to better understand the whole issue (Kreitner &

Ford Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ford - Case Study Example Another strategic issue that has been recognized in the case was relating to elimination of its 4, 000 to 5000 employees in the year 2001 by employing early retirement incentive schemes with the intention of mitigating its suffered business losses (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 127-132). In the year 2006, Ford decided to cut 25,000 to 30,000 hourly jobs along with 12 percent of different management positions as a part of huge restructuring plan that can be considered as crucial strategic issue for the company (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 127-132). In the year 2006, Ford also faced certain strategic issues regarding decrease in market demand and increased competition in the international market (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 127-132). ... It has been viewed in this similar context that each and every member of Ford was considered as an integral part on global basis. The company remained much committed towards serving the best quality brands to its customers by a significant level. Furthermore, Ford emphasized upon complying with the needs as well as desires of its valuable customers by offering them with their preferred quality products The modern vision statement of Ford has been observed to work as a team as well as serving the best quality product along with top service to its worldwide customers The earlier mission of Ford was to become the world’s largest car selling company. The company realized that it should manufacture its different products on the basis of customers’ preferences (Ford Motor Company, â€Å"Annual Report†). The modern mission of Ford is to deliver new as well as advanced products with distinct features to its customers. Giving more importance to the customer’s prefe rences as well as their values has been recognized to be one of its most significant missions (Ford Motor Company, â€Å"Annual Report†). Dissimilarities The earlier vision as well as mission statements of Ford was to deliver attractive facilities to its customers around the world as well as creating values among the employees in order to raise its business along with operational standards. Moreover, the early vision and mission statements of the company focused upon creating unity amid the workforce along with enhancing the company’s’ brand value and image towards the customers (Ford Motor Company, â€Å"Annual Report†). In contrast, the modern vision of Ford remains

Equality Diversity And Rights In Health Care Social Work Essay

Equality Diversity And Rights In Health Care Social Work Essay What is equality and diversity? Although sometimes used interchangeably, the terms equality and diversity are not the same. Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their potential (DH, 2004). It is about identifying patterns of experience based on group identity, and the challenging processes that limit individuals potential health and life chances. For example, occupational segregation. Women make up almost 75% of the NHS workforce but are concentrated in the lower-paid occupational areas: nursing, allied health professionals (AHPs), administrative workers and ancillary workers (DH, 2005). People from black and minority ethnic groups comprise 39.1% of hospital medical staff yet they comprise only 22.1% of all hospital medical consultants (DH, 2005). An equalities approach understands that our social identity in terms of gender, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality and religion will impact on our life experiences. Diversity literally means difference. When it is used as a contrast or addition to equality, it is about recognising individual as well as group differences, treating people as individuals, and placing positive value on diversity in the community and in the workforce. Historically, employers and services have ignored certain differences. However, individual and group diversity needs to be considered in order to ensure that everybodys needs and requirements are understood and responded to within employment practice and service design and delivery. One way in which organisations have responded to the issue of diversity in recent years has been the development of flexibility in working practices and services. For example, an employer may allow an employee to work a flexible working pattern to accommodate child care arrangements, or a GP surgery may offer surgeries at the weekends in accommodate those who work full time during the week. These approaches recognise that in order to be inclusive and equal to all, organisations may need to respond differently to individuals/groups. Therefore, a commitment to equality in addition to recognition of diversity means that different can be equal. Learning outcomes Understand concepts of equality, diversity rights in relation to Health and Social Care. Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our lives and work for a number of reasons. We live in an increasingly diverse society and need to be able to respond appropriately and sensitively to this diversity. Learners in the healthcare setting will reflect this diversity around gender, race and ethnicity, disability, religion, sexuality, class and age. Your organisation believes that successful implementation of equality and diversity in all aspects of work ensures that colleagues, staff and students are valued, motivated and treated fairly. Every member of society is likely, at some point, to be a recipient of health and social care. The Department of Health can only achieve its aim of better health, care and well-being for all, by building an explicit commitment to equality, diversity and human rights throughout the health and social care system. All public organisations including the Department of Health and public providers and commissioners of health and social care services have a duty to promote equality. Successfully delivering these duties is a core part of the health and social care systems objective to offer services that deliver high quality care for all. To do this, the diversity of the population has to be recognised, in policy development through to service delivery and patient care, acknowledging the diverse experiences, aspirations and needs of staff, patients and service. The Department of Health and local health and social care organisations continue to take proactive steps to address unequal access and outcomes experienced by some sections of the community. DH is working to ensure the principles and practicalities of fairness, equality, diversity and human rights are a central to the work of the Department. In 2007 the UK established a new single equalities body, to bring together the existing equality Commissions dealing with gender, disability, and race and ethnicity into a Commission for Equality and Human Rights. The promotion and enforcement of equality and diversity is one of the three duties of the new body. This paper briefly explores diversity in relation to the theory of gender equality and also examines developments in policy at the EU level, which has provided much of the impetus for change. Our focus is on the policy approach and the tensions that the policy documents reveal about the emphasis on equality and diversity approach, in particular the extent to which attention to gender issues may get lost in the diversity bundle, and the extent to which a focus on the individual may be strengthened over the group. This page lists some of the guidance materials produced by the former equality commissions and guidance produced by external organisations, who have given us permissi on to reproduce their materials on our site. Guidance from ACAS Age, Religion or Belief, Sexual orientation There are no statutory Codes in force covering sexual orientation, religion or belief, or age discrimination. However,ACAS has published guidance documents covering each of these areas. The following guides are also available on the ACAS website. Guidance from the EOC advising young people The Equal Opportunities Commission produced guidance to help advisers who work with young people to  work out  whether they might have experienced unlawful discrimination. The main focus was sex discrimination but other forms of discrimination are also referred to. Young people need advice too.. Guidance from the TUC mental health issues The  TUC produced guidance to help trade union reps and officials provide a good service to members with mental health problems. It aims to equip reps in workplaces with the information they need to deal as well with mental health issues as they do with the other issues that crop up on daily basis. Guidance from the Refugee Council employing refugees We have worked with theRefugee Council to produce guidance on employing refugees. The guidance explains which documents can provide evidence of entitlement to work. This guidance is aimed at employers but could be useful for advisers as well. Guidance from Advocacy Action Human rights toolkit for advocates Action for Advocacy, the independent advocacy organisation has developed a toolkit based on an initial series of Commission-funded training days to advocates across England and Wales. The toolkit is a resource to promote further thinking and better use of resources that can support advocates to use human rights in their advocacy work. Understand discriminatory practice in health and social care. Discrimination is less favorable or bad treatment of someone because of one or more aspects of their social identity. Understanding how discrimination can impact on individuals lives is essential to prevent potential discrimination within in teaching and learning situations and ensure that you are confident in dealing with discrimination issues if and when they arise. Our social identity comprises our: gender race or ethnicity sexuality religion or faith age class disability. While we can face discrimination because of any of these aspects, it is important that we also identify the links between social identities and individuality and/or a state and situation. Bad treatment can be multi-layered and occur because of: an aspect of individuality, e.g. some aspect of personal appearance, size, personal likes, etc. our state/situation, e.g. homelessness, being a lone parent, misuse of drugs or alcohol, citizen status, health, etc. Valuing diversity It is important that you consider how an individuals social identity may impact on their experience of the programme/teaching session of clinical activity in which the learner is engaged. The ways in which discrimination works include stereotyping, making assumptions, patronising, humiliating and disrespecting people, taking some people less seriously. To ensure that we value diversity and consider the individuals identity appropriately in clinical teaching, the following principles may be useful: recognise that we need to treat all learners as individuals and respond to them, and their social identity, in an individual manner understand that treating people fairly does not mean treating people in the same way we need to recognise difference and respond appropriately respect all learners regardless of their social identity try to increase our knowledge and understanding of aspects of social identity that may be different from our own avoid stereotyping or making assumptions about learners based on their social identity recognise that some course content may impact on some learners in a negative/difficult way because of an aspect of their social identity recognise that the course structure, e.g. timing of lectures, unsociable hours, weekend working, and so on, may impact on some learners more than others due to their social identity recognise that your own social identity may impact on learners in different ways avoid using inappropriate and disrespectful language relating to social identity Institutional discrimination Institutional discrimination is concerned with discrimination that has been incorporated into the structures, processes and procedures of organisations, either because of prejudice or because of failure to take into account the particular needs of different social identities. Looking at the long historical perspective, there is a very fundamental evolution of how public institutions have dealt with the notion of anti-discrimination. Whereas the typical 19th century anti-discrimination arrangements were developed for settling the case of philosophical and religious minorities, contemporary legislation is facing the challenge of addressing new issues such as, for instance, those raised by the massive immigration of colonial and guest workers immigrants. If racial discrimination is among the most problematic forms of discrimination, it is far from being the only one. The struggle against discrimination is an ongoing process, which is now facing the challenge of, not only addressing new social realities, but also addressing old ones innovatively. The inclusion of disability, sexual orientation and age as a basis for anti-discrimination struggle reflects the feeling that the law must be adapted to processes of social change, which are marked today by an unprecedented diversity in terms of lifestyles, ethnic, cultural and religious backgrounds. Three features distinguish institutional discrimination from other random individual forms of bad treatment. Triggered by social identity the discrimination impacts on groups (or individuals because they are members of that group). Systematic it is built into: laws, rules and regulations. For example, selection criteria for jobs or courses, laws such as the Minimum Wage, pension regularities, etc. the way we do things round here, including the use of authority and discretion, e.g. how training opportunities are allocated, how flexibility in learning practices is authorized the popular culture and ways of describing normality, e.g. long working hours culture/expectations. Results in patterns incidents of discrimination may appear isolated or random but where institutional discrimination occurs they are part of a wider pattern of events which often may be hidden. Patterns of discrimination can often be surfaced by effective organizational information relating to social identity. For example: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ which groups of people get promoted in an organization? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ which groups of people get accepted onto a training course? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ which groups of people leave an organization after six months of employment? Questions such as this may point to some people experiencing the organization in a different/more negative way than others. Understand how National initiatives promotes anti-discriminatory practise in Health education and Social care. The concept of discrimination adopted in the legislation derived from Article 13 is inspired by the EU legislation on the equality of treatment between men and women.5 Equality of treatment is defined as the absence of any direct or indirect discrimination. By direct discrimination, The same document defines indirect discrimination as follows: indirect discrimination shall be taken to occur where an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice is liable to affect adversely a person or persons to whom any of the grounds referred to in Article 17 applies, unless that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and the means of achieving it are appropriate and necessary Harassment is also considered a discrimination in its own right. Harassment is any form of action that creates a disturbing, intimidating, offensive or hostile working environment, such as verbal abuses and gestures. As in the equality of treatment between men and women legislation, the two anti-discrimination directives following Article 13 place the burden of proof on the defendant in case of legal action. Discrimination can happen in many different ways but you have rights to protect you By law people are protected from discrimination on the grounds of: race sex sexual orientation disability (or because of something connected with your disability) religion or belief being a transsexual person having just had a baby or being pregnant   being married or in a civil partnership (this applies only at work or if someone is being trained for work) age (this applies only at work or if someone is being trained for work) These are known as protected characteristics. Race discrimination Wherever you were born, wherever your parents came from, whatever the colour of your skin, you have a right to be treated fairly. Gender equality sex discrimination Women and men should not be treated unfairly because of their gender, because they are married or because they are raising a family. Sexual orientation Whether you are gay, lesbian, bisexual or straight should not put you at a disadvantage. Disability discrimination If you have a physical or mental impairment you have specific rights that protect you against discrimination. Religion and belief Your religion or belief, or those of somebody else, should not affect your right to be treated fairly. This could be at work, school, in shops or while using public services like health care. Transgender discrimination Trans people should be able to live with dignity. There are protections for some of the forms of discrimination that trans people experience. Age equality By law you cannot be treated less favourably in your workplace or in training for work because of your age. For example, it would be unlawful to not employ someone because of their age. The EU notion of anti-discrimination offers a minimal standard of legal protection, not an extensive and uniform one. This means that some countries will remain more advanced than others in their struggle against discrimination even after the implementation of the two directives. The legislation also suggests that equality of treatment is expected to result from combating discrimination.8 It does not enact a positive duty on public and private authorities to promote positive action or equal opportunities policies. In this respect, one suspects that this absence will in the long run be felt as a major shortcoming. Lessons from both the perspective of gender studies and from ethnic and racial studies have taught that a thin notion of equality of treatment is far from being a promise of equality. Human rights Human rights are the basic rights and principles that belong to every person in the world. They are based on the core principles of dignity, fairness, equality, respect and autonomy (E and HRC, 2008). Human rights protect an individuals freedom to control their day-to-day life, and effectively participate in all aspects of public life in a fair and equal way. Human rights help individuals to flourish and achieve potential through: being safe and protected from harm being treated fairly and with dignity being able to live the life you choose taking an active part in your community and wider society (E and HRC, 2008). Intrinsic to these statements should be the principles of equality and diversity. Since 1998 the UK has also included human rights within its legal framework. The Human Rights Act applies to all public authorities and bodies performing a public function. The Human Rights Acts places the following responsibility on your organisation. Organisations must promote and protect individuals human rights. This means treating people fairly, with dignity and respect while safeguarding the rights of the wider community. Organisations should apply core human rights values, such as equality, dignity, privacy, respect and involvement, to all organisational service planning and decision making. The Human Rights Act provides a complementary legal framework to the anti-discriminatory framework and the public duties. The legal context As a clinical teacher you will want to ensure that you understand the legal framework regarding equality, and that you can relate this framework to your everyday role. The UK framework has two elements to it: the anti- discriminatory framework (which gives individuals a route to raise complaints of discrimination around employment and service delivery) and the public duties (which place a proactive duty on organisations to address institutional discrimination). Overview of anti-discriminatory framework Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Race Relations Act 1976 Disability Discrimination Act 1995 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) and (Religious Belief) Regulations 2003 Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 Equality Act 2006 (covers service delivery in relation to sexual orientation and religious belief) It is important to note that at the current time, age legislation only protects individuals in the area of employment and not service delivery. The SEN and Disability Act 2001 The SEN and Disability Act 2001 extended the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 to education with effect from September 2002. This act requires teachers to explore the provision of reasonable adjustments for students who may have disabilities, including learning disabilities, to enable them to participate effectively. The EU took great care to avoid national and EU anti-discrimination provisions becoming concurrent. The solution introduced for solving this difficult question was to adopt the most appropriate technique of legislation. By choosing the directive, the EU has in effect opted for flexibility. The Directive, contrary to the regulation, offers Member States general guidelines, which should be implemented within two years after the adoption of the two directives. The anti-discrimination package proposed by the Commission and later adopted by the Council of Ministers defines minimal common standard of legal protection for victims of discrimination, without prejudice of what the Member States already have on offer in their internal legal order . It is particularly crucial for the success of the legislation that Member States take the EU initiative as a motivation for upgrading their internal standard of protection and not as a justification for lowering them. This is why the two directives contain a non-regression clause which will in practice lead to better legislation in all Member States. Another reason why EU legislation should be seen as complementing national initiatives is the material scope of the Article 13. As indicated above, the sphere of competence of the EU in the area of anti-discrimination is restrictively defined by the Treaty on the European Union. The main area where it will be relevant to think in terms of Article 13 is the labour market. Therefore, there is a whole range of areas of potential discrimination where the role of the Member States will remain primordial. Know how anti-discriminatory practice is promoted in Health Social Care setting Active promotion of anti-discriminatory practice: ethical principles; putting the patient/service user at the heart of service provision, eg providing active support consistent with the beliefs, culture and preferences of the individual, supporting individuals to express their needs and preferences, empowering individuals, promoting individuals rights, choices and wellbeing; balancing individual rights with the rights of others; dealing with conflicts; identifying and challenging discrimination Personal beliefs and value systems: influences on, eg culture, beliefs, past events, socialisation, environmental influences, health and wellbeing; developing greater self-awareness and tolerance of differences; committing to the care value base; careful use of language; working within legal, ethical and policy guidelines. Beliefs are the assumptions we make about ourselves, about others in the world and about how we expect things to be. Beliefs are about how we think things really are, what we think is really true and what therefore expect as likely consequences that will follow from our behavior. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model (HBM) has continued to be the focus of considerable theoretical and research attention. This article presents a critical review of 29 HBM-related investigations published during the period 1974-1984, tabulates the findings from 17 studies conducted prior to 1974, and provides a summary of the total 46 HBM studies (18 prospective, 28 retrospective). Twenty-four studies examined preventive-health be haviors (PHB), 19 explored sick-role behaviors (SRB), and three addressed clinic utilization. A significance ratio was constructed which divides the number of positive, statistically- significant findings for an HBM dimension by the total number of studies reporting significance levels for that dimension. Summary results provide substantial empirical support for the HBM, with findings from prospective studies at least as favorable as those obtained from retrospective research. Perceived barriers proved to be the most powerful of the HBM dimensions across the various study designs and behaviors. While both were important overall, perceived sus ceptibility was a stronger contributor to understanding PHB than SRB, while the reverse was true for perceived benefits. Perceived severity produced the lowest overall significance ratios; however, while only weakly associated with PHB, this dimension was strongly related to SRB. On the basis of the evidence compiled, it is recommended that consideration of HBM dimensions be a part of health education programming. Suggestions are offered for further research. It is important for care workers to promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users. There are various ways of how they can challenge discriminatory issues and practices in health and social care. One of the ways in which care worker can promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users is to always put the patient/service user at the heart of the service provision. This means that the patients individual needs will be met and achieved Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. For the first time, the Universal Declaration set out the fundamental rights and freedoms shared by all human beings. These rights and freedoms based on core principles like dignity, equality and respect inspired a range of international and regional human rights treaties. For example, they formed the basis for the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950. The European Convention protects the human rights of people in countries that belong to the Council of Europe. This includes the United Kingdom. Until recently, people in the United Kingdom had to complain to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg if they felt their rights under the European Convention had been breached. for example; a personal eating plan to a specific individual. Putting the service user at the centre of the provision generally makes a happier and healthier patient in all areas. Care workers can help achieve this by: * Understanding what it is like to use those services * Involving those who use the services Another example can be quoted as, Rights of one patient will clash with the rights of another A patient has the right to watch TV or listen to the radio, while the patient in the next bed has the right the right to an undisturbed sleep the rights of these two patients clash. By providing earphones could help resolve this. If patients share a room one wants the door propped open and the other one doesnt although this is a clash of rights the rights of the patient who wanted the door closed would outweigh the other as propping open doors is a fire risk Care settings must provide services in such a way that all service users get equal benefit for them. For example a person who does not have English as their first language may require a translator in order to understand the services available and to express a choice about them. One of the most beneficial ways in which a social care setting can challenge anti discriminatory is through staff development and training this may be done formally through supervision sessions or more informally in the course of day to day working. The manager should supervise the work of their staff, offer advice and guidance in difficult situations and help the workers identify training opportunities to improve their practise.